3 Types of Skull Clamp Head Fixation Components and Their Differences

In neurosurgery and spinal surgery, skull clamps (also known as head fixation devices) are essential for keeping the patient’s head completely stable. Even the slightest movement can affect surgical precision, so a secure fixation system is critical. A typical skull clamp consists of a fixed base unit and interchangeable head fixation components. Depending on the procedure, surgeons can choose from different attachment types: pin-type holders, gel headrests, or traction bows.

Pin-Type Skull Clamp

The pin-type head holder is the most commonly used fixation method. It employs three or four surgical pins that gently penetrate the scalp to anchor the skull firmly in place.

• Advantages: Provides maximum stability, which is crucial for long and complex neurosurgical procedures.

• Considerations: Minor scalp puncture may occur, so it is generally applied under general anesthesia.

• Typical Use: Brain surgeries such as craniotomies or operations requiring navigation and microscopic precision.

Gel Headrest

A gel headrest uses a medical-grade gel cushion to support the head without any skin penetration.

• Advantages: Non-invasive, safe for pediatric patients, and comfortable for shorter procedures.

• Limitations: Offers less stability compared to pins, making it unsuitable for surgeries where absolute immobility is required.

• Typical Use: Short-duration surgeries or cases where a non-invasive approach is preferred.

Traction Bow (Halo Ring)

The traction bow, or halo ring, combines head fixation with traction, making it particularly useful in spinal or cranio-cervical procedures.

• Advantages: Provides both stability and controlled traction, supporting alignment during surgery.

• Limitations: More complex to apply than a gel headrest.

• Typical Use: Cervical spine surgery or craniovertebral junction operations.

Conclusion

The skull clamp system is designed with a stable base unit and interchangeable fixation components. Surgeons can select the most appropriate option depending on the procedure:

• Pin-type clamps deliver the highest stability.

• Gel headrests provide comfort and non-invasive support.

• Traction bows offer fixation combined with traction for spinal cases.

By choosing the right head fixation component, surgical teams can ensure patient safety, surgical precision, and optimal outcomes.